At least one person has been fined as droves of people from outside Yukon enter the territory to illegally pick morel mushrooms on a First Nation鈥檚 land.聽
Selling the foraged mushrooms can net thousands from corporation-backed buyers, spurring a rush of activity to get a piece of Yukon鈥檚 suddenly open commercial harvest.
鈥淚t鈥檚 a little bit of a gold rush of mushroom pickers,鈥� said Josee Tremblay, manager of lands and resources at the First Nation of Na-cho Ny盲k Dun, located in central Yukon. 鈥淭here are people all over the territory.鈥�
The Yukon government cancelled the commercial mushroom harvest on April 17 in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. On May 26, officials reversed this decision, doling out permits to Yukon residents. Harvesters from outside Yukon are permitted to pick for personal use only 鈥� but that doesn鈥檛 appear to be what鈥檚 happening.
Yukon has been in lockdown since March due to the novel coronavirus pandemic, with out-of-town visitors allowed in under special circumstances and requiring two weeks of quarantine. Visitors travelling through Yukon en route to Alaska have a 24-hour window to get through the territory 鈥� something Tremblay said is being abused, with some people overstaying the allotted time.
On July 1, Yukon and British Columbia became part of the same 鈥渂ubble,鈥� meaning travellers could cross between the jurisdictions without self-isolating for 14 days. But the foragers around Na-cho Ny盲k Dun settlement lands had licence plates from Alberta, New York, Texas 鈥� even Germany.
鈥淲e鈥檙e receiving phone calls all around the clock about plate numbers from all sorts of places,鈥� Tremblay said.
And, she said, pickers were showing up in the territory a month and a half before the southern border reopened.
Several wildfires in Na-cho Ny盲k Dun鈥檚 territory last year created fertile ground for morel mushrooms, a species that are commercially harvested in the territory and sold to restaurants and customers around the world. Now these burns are acting as a magnet for foragers from outside the territory, during a time when most Yukoners 鈥� particularly those in small communities 鈥� are still on high-alert for the threat of COVID-19.
Beginning the weekend of June 27, Tremblay said 50 cars were spotted by Na-cho Ny盲k Dun lands officers around the McQuesten airstrip 鈥� near the tiny settlement of Stewart Crossing.聽
鈥淚t turned into a mushroom picking camp overnight,鈥� Tremblay said, adding that gunshots were heard by Elders at a nearby fish camp.聽
During that weekend and the following week, Tremblay said lands officers had to put out several abandoned campfires and found garbage left behind around the airstrip and near Ethel Lake.
Mushroom pickers have taken to other parts of their territory as well, she said, including near Keno City and Elsa, which were evacuated last summer due to wildfires.
The issue here is two-fold: pickers are harvesting without the necessary permission, and many of them shouldn't be in Yukon at all.
Corporation-backed buyers drawing pickers to Yukon聽
Many of the people entering the territory could be financially supported by corporations, said Shelby Leslie, the chief executive officer of Forest Foods, a B.C.-based company the First Nation contracted to help manage non-timber resources such as mushrooms, medicinal plants and berries.
鈥淭he corporations that are coming up here and doing this illegally 鈥� that鈥檚 an issue,鈥� he said.
Companies give field buyers cash 鈥� upward of $45,000 鈥� and the buyers fan out across the country to morel hotspots such as Yukon, Northwest Territories and B.C., wherever there have been burns, Leslie said. They set up buying stations, where they acquire the freshly picked mushrooms from harvesters. The buyers then dry the morels, if the picker hasn't already and they鈥檙e eventually shipped across North America and overseas.
But these aren鈥檛 necessarily the plans buyers lay out to officials at the Yukon border. 鈥淭hey鈥檒l say they鈥檙e going to Atlin, B.C., and then they go to the McQuesten airstrip, they park their stuff and they start buying,鈥� he said. And the buyers often call up pickers from down south, he said, rather than paying local harvesters for the work.
鈥淭hey鈥檙e all completely funded by these large companies. The buyers and the companies like that, there鈥檚 no regulation. We鈥檙e talking about millions and millions of dollars of resources, every year.鈥�
A permit is required to harvest mushrooms for commercial sale on Crown land in Yukon but, Leslie said, permits are free, making the entire regime an easy one for companies to exploit.
鈥淭here is nothing in Yukon legislation that addresses mushroom buying, only commercial harvesting,鈥� he said.
Morel harvesters bypassing First Nations requirements
Pickers are required to get permission from Yukon First Nations to forage on their settlement lands 鈥� areas wholly owned by the nations 鈥� but many are skipping this step, Tremblay said.聽
She added that one person from B.C. has been charged after taking part in the mushroom harvest on Na-cho Ny盲k Dun鈥檚 land. 聽
The individual entered Yukon on June 16, while the territorial borders were largely closed to outsiders, and did so under the false pretence of working for a miner in the Dawson City area, where they intended to self-isolate, said Nigel Allan, information officer with the Yukon government鈥檚 Health Emergency Operations Centre. The individual was, in fact, a mushroom buyer, though that鈥檚 not what netted them the charges.
Since buyers aren鈥檛 regulated under Yukon鈥檚 Forest Resources Act, outside buyers who are eligible to enter the territory can buy mushrooms, confirmed Jesse Devost, spokesperson with the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, in an email.聽
But this buyer, like many outsiders taking part in the territory鈥檚 morel harvest, appeared to be lying on entry.
The individual faced a slew of different charges for a total of $1,063. They were charged $575 Under the Civil Emergencies Measures Act for the false declaration, $172 for an unauthorized harvest and $230 for providing false information to a forest resource officer, Allan said.
鈥淭he RCMP also charged him under the Highway Traffic Act for the unauthorized use of a motor vehicle plate,鈥� he said, noting the $86 fine.
The person hasn鈥檛 been removed from the territory as there is no legal authority to do so, Allan said.
First Nation alleges lack of consultation as commercial permitting reopens to pickers
The plan to reboot the commercial harvest at all this year came as a surprise to the First Nation of Na-cho Ny盲k Dun, Tremblay said
鈥淲hy we鈥檙e dealing with this mushroom picking issue is because this was basically done without consultation with the First Nations,鈥� she said, adding this meant the broader community didn鈥檛 have an opportunity to weigh in on the issue.聽
鈥淸The Yukon government] reopened mushroom picking and they didn鈥檛 give us time to consult or do anything.鈥澛�
The First Nation wants to see better consultation and adequate timelines in the future, Tremblay said. It wants to be treated like a government, she said, adding that anything else would contravene the nation鈥檚 self-governing agreement with the territory and federal government.聽
Allan said Yukon government officials have been in contact with the First Nation since February regarding the mushroom foraging issue but added the COVID-19 pandemic complicated efforts.
鈥淒uring the mushroom harvesting season, we have been in regular contact with the First Nation of Na-Cho Ny盲k Dun, responding to concerns and implementing mitigation measures wherever possible,鈥� he said in an email. 鈥淪everal inspections with the First Nation of Na-Cho Ny盲k Dun Lands Officers and Natural Resource Officers have been undertaken, including inspection by road and water to remote camps.聽
He said the nation has been updated regularly on these inspections and the territory鈥檚 natural resource officers will continue to monitor harvesting activity until the end of the season, in mid- to late-summer.
鈥淎t the forefront of our discussions has been the need to keep the community safe from COVID-19 transmission,鈥� Allan said.
Na-Cho Ny盲k Dun working toward economy based on harvesting
Na-Cho Ny盲k Dun First Nation is attempting to take greater control over activities on its lands. Tremblay said the partnership with Forest Foods has yielded a host of different foraging workshops, with members of the nation given priority, though they鈥檙e open to all harvesters. And the company is helping the First Nation close gaps in its legislation around permitting activities on its land.
Right now, the nation鈥檚 lands officers can only report issues within Na-Cho Ny盲k Dun鈥檚 territory to the Yukon government 鈥� they鈥檙e the 鈥渆yes and ears鈥� of the First Nation, Tremblay said. But the First Nation is currently reviewing its Lands and Resources Act, which could result in more power given to officers to enforce laws and even lay charges. This change could come at the end of August, when the nation has its general assembly.
Tremblay said the nation doesn鈥檛 want to see any mushroom buyers 鈥� aside from Forest Foods, which has a licence from the First Nation 鈥� on its settlement land and traditional territory.聽
鈥淭he First Nation is working hard to empower its citizens and take control of what鈥檚 happening in their traditional territory 鈥� and that goes beyond the settlement land,鈥� Tremblay said.聽
Traditional territory is land used by First Nations people for millennia for cultural purposes, but that doesn鈥檛 fall under modern treaties like settlement lands. Na-Cho Ny盲k Dun鈥檚 territory spans 162,456 square kilometres.聽
On traditional territory, pickers aren鈥檛 required to have permission from the First Nation, though the nation does play a significant role in the planning and management of the land and holds rights to traditional harvesting.
Tremblay said the Forest Foods partnership has led to more education surrounding the makeup of the First Nation鈥檚 lands and inherent rights in the area 鈥� to hunt, fish and forage medicinal plants, for example 鈥� and passing this information along has led to some outside foragers leaving on their own accord.聽
鈥淚t鈥檚 looking better now than one month ago,鈥� Tremblay said. 聽
But her optimism is tempered by the very real prospect that the rush for mushrooms isn鈥檛 going to end overnight.
鈥淲e believe there鈥檚 always going to be more (foragers from outside Yukon) because it鈥檚 a huge traditional territory,鈥� Tremblay said. 鈥淲e know there are still people out there.鈥�
